Table I: Harmful Effects Caused by Ritalin, Dexedrine, Adderall and Similar Stimulants

Cardio- vascular Function	Brain and Mind Function	Gastro- intestinal Function	Endocrine andMetabolic Function	Other Functions	Withdrawal and Rebound Reactions
Palpitations Tachycardia Hypertension Cardiac arrhythmia Chest pain Cardiac arrest	Mania, psychosis, hallucinations  Agitation, anxiety, nervousness Insomnia Irritability, hostility, aggression Depression, emotional sensitivity, easy crying, social withdrawal Drowsiness, ‘dopey’, reduced alertness Confusion, mental impairment (cognition and learning) Zombie-like (robotic) behavior with loss ofemotional spontaneity Obsessive-compulsive behavior Convulsions Dyskinesias, tics, Tourette’s Nervous habits (e.g. picking at skin, pulling hair)	Anorexia Nausea, vomiting, bad taste Stomach  ache, cramps Dry mouth Constipation, diarrhea Abnormal liver function tests	Pituitary dysfunction, including growth hormone and prolactin disruption Weight loss Growth suppression Growth retardation Disturbed sexual function	Blurred vision Headache Dizziness Hyper-sensitivity reaction with rash, conjunctivitis, or hives	Insomnia Evening crash Depression Over-activity  and irritability Rebound worsening of ADHD-like symptoms

Modified from Breggin (1999a&c) by permission of Springer Publishing Company.The information is compiled from Arnold and Jensen (1995, Table 38-5, p. 2306; Table 38-7; and p. 2307), Drug Enforcement Administration(1995b, p. 23), Dulcan (1994, Table 35-6, p. 1217), Maxmen and Ward (1995, pp. 365-366), and Food and Drug Administration (1997c, March).Citations in Breggin (1999a&c).

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